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- <text id=91TT0001>
- <link 91TT0114>
- <link 89TT2616>
- <title>
- Jan. 07, 1991: Yugoslavia:Saying Yes To Independence
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Jan. 07, 1991 Men Of The Year:The Two George Bushes
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 62
- YUGOSLAVIA
- Saying Yes to Independence
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A stunning landslide vote in Slovenia brings the breakup of a
- European nation one more step closer
- </p>
- <p> When voters cast ballots in an independence referendum last
- week in Slovenia, one of Yugoslavia's constituent republics, the
- only real question was how large the pro-secession margin would
- be. It turned out to be huge. More than 88% of Slovenia's 2.1
- million people opted to break away from Yugoslavia, an
- increasingly unwieldy federation of six republics and two
- semiautonomous states.
- </p>
- <p> The size of the independence vote shocked the country and
- prompted warnings from the federal government that Yugoslavia
- was headed for chaos unless agreement was reached quickly on a
- new framework for holding it together. Even the triumphant
- Slovene nationalists did not dispute the need for such talks,
- but they made it clear that major changes for the republics--such as taxation rights, an independent military and a larger
- role in foreign policymaking--are needed if Yugoslavia is to
- survive. "Whether it is called a confederation or a community of
- Yugoslav states," said Franc Bucar, the president of Slovenia's
- parliament, "Yugoslavia can exist only as a territory for
- achieving common interests."
- </p>
- <p> Common interests, though, are few in a state forged out of
- remnants of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires and held
- together for the past four decades by little more than communist
- ideology. Much like the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia is discovering
- that its mosaic of nationalities, cultures and religions is
- coming apart. In the year since revolution swept across Eastern
- Europe, nationalism has replaced centralism as Yugoslavia's
- dominant political creed.
- </p>
- <p> Nationalistic opposition parties ousted the communists in
- elections held last year in Slovenia and Croatia, the two
- northern republics that were once part of the Austro-Hungarian
- empire. In tiny Montenegro and powerful Serbia, whose 8.1
- million people make up more than one-third of Yugoslavia's
- population, old-style communist leaders stayed in power, but
- only by resorting to chauvinist appeals.
- </p>
- <p> In December the leader of the Serbian Socialist Party,
- Slobodan Milosevic, won 65% of the vote in a free election,
- which gave new force to a long list of Serbian demands. Serbia
- has already all but annexed the neighboring province of Kosovo,
- where ethnic Albanians outnumber Serbs more than 10 to 1. Serbia
- is insisting on special rights for ethnic Serbs in Croatia,
- which last year adopted a constitution giving it the right to
- secede from the federation. Serbia has used its strong
- representation in the federal army to issue thinly veiled
- threats about possible use of force should Slovenia and Croatia
- secede.
- </p>
- <p> Yet for all the harsh talk that has accompanied the gradual
- collapse of the federation, some federal officials still hope
- that Yugoslavia will not break up. Says Janez Drnovsek, a former
- federal President and a Slovenian representative on the
- eight-member federal presidium: "Now that elections are over in
- all the republics, I believe their leaders can sit down and
- start real negotiations for a new association of Yugoslav
- republics. Nobody, not even Serbia, can be interested in a
- federation that is in a permanent state of instability or
- conflict."
- </p>
- <p>By John Borrell/Vienna. With reporting by James P.
- Fish/Ljubljana.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-